IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES (62-64)

62 Национальная ассоциация ученых (НАУ) # 60, 2020

IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Abd ikerimova G. I.
candidate of economic Sciences, associate Professor
Madi M.S.
Master's student, 7M04110 Economics NP, group M070
South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent city

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ
СЕЛЬСКО ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

Абдикеримова Г .И.
к.э.н., доцент
Мади М.С.
Магистрант, 7М04110 Экономика НП, группа М070
Южно -Казахстанский Университет им. М. Ауезова

ABSTRACT
As the results of the activities of agricultural enterprises in recent years show, the level of efficiency of
agricultural production in most of them remains low and does not provide expanded reproduction.
The financial situation of the agricultural sector remains extremely unstable. a significant number of
enterprises are insolvent and do not have their own resources for normal economic activity and the use of
scientific and technological progress.
In this regard, there is a need to clar ify methodological approaches to determining the nature and system
of factors that affect the efficiency of agricultural organizations, as well as indicators that characterize its level,
and develop proposals for improving the financial and economic mechan ism of management and organization
of the reproduction process.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Как показывают результаты деятельности сельскохозяйственных предприятий за последние годы,
уровень эффектив ности сельскохозяйственного производства в большей их части остается низким и не
обеспечивает расширенно го воспроизводства.
Крайне неустойчивым остается финансовое положение аграрного сектора, значительная часть
предприятий является неплатежеспособной и н е имеет собственных ресурсов для нормального ведения
хозяйственной деятельности, использования достижени й научно -технического прогресса.
В связи с этим возникает необходимость уточнения методологических подходов к определению
сущности и системы факторов, в лияющих на эффективность функционирования сельскохозяйственных
организаций, а также показателей, характе ризующих ее уровень, разработки предложений по
совершенствованию финансово -экономического механизма хозяйствования и организации
воспроизводственного пр оцесса.
Keywords : agricultural enterprises, effi ciency, methodology, improvement.
Ключевые слова : сельскохозяйственные предприятия, эффективность, методология,
совершенствование .

Labor productivity, the level of protective
measures, the amount of state support for a particular
industry, the level of tax payments, and other factors
directly affect the level of competitiveness of the
economy. The exchange rate of the national cur renc y
against world currencies has a huge impact on the level
of competitiveness. In the modern economic dictionary,
the concept of «efficiency» is interpreted as a relative
effect, the effectiveness of a process, operation, project,
defined as the ratio o f th e effect, result to the costs,
expenses that provided it [1].
O. K. Filatov defines economic impact as an
indicator defined by the ratio of costs that gave rise to
this effect, i.e., are mapped to either the size of the
profit, or reducing costs (at t he e nterprise level) or an
increase in national income or gross domestic product
(at country level) capital investment for implementing
the technical measures [2]. Any assessment of an
organization's performance has a specific quantitative
expression.
For thi s purpose, enterprises use indicators of
profit, profitability and capital turnover.
Indicators of production costs and cost of
production, assessment of the efficiency of the
company's personnel, as well as the production capacity
of the enterprise c ompl ement the picture of evaluating
the company's performance. Another indicator of the
efficiency of agricultural production is the
demographic situation in the country.
This problem is the most difficult to solve, since it
is possible to correct the dem ogra phic situation only
over a long period of time.
When evaluating the efficiency of an enterprise in
agricultural production, it is necessary to take into
account a number of features that are unique to the
agricultural sector of the country's economy.
Fir st, the feature of agriculture is its main
production factor – land [3]. Land is an inexhaustible
and renewable resource, therefore, it is not subject to

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depreciation, as a result of which land resources do not
participate in the formation of the cost of p roduction.
Secondly, the relatively low turnover rate of
working capital in agricultural production determines
the uneven income from sales of products, which
makes it difficult to assess the real financial result of
the enterprise.
In addition, in m ost agricultural enterprises of our
country, there is a huge overspending of resources for
production. Under these conditions, obtaining high
production results and building an effective
management mechanism is possible only if a clear
management mechanism is developed at the enterprise
and the share of responsibility of each employee of the
organization is perceived.
The third feature of the work of enterprises in
agriculture is their dependence on natural and climatic
conditions, which define agribusines s as high -risk.
The focus of the country's state policy is on
ensuring food security and accelerated import
substitution, difficult socio -economic conditions in
rural areas, and insufficient availability of qualified
human resources. Another feature of th e ag ricultural
sector of production is the lack of an effective
mechanism for material incentives for employees of the
agricultural complex.
The main tasks of agricultural policy at the present
stage are to change production relations [4], restore the
econ omic balance between the city and the village,
unlock the potential of cooperation and rent, overcome
the alienation of the peasant from the land, make him a
full -fledged master, protecting him from any command,
and radically change the living conditions i n th e
countryside.
Only on this basis can we increase the efficiency
of agricultural production and ensure a fundamental
improvement in the country's food supply.
The experience of advanced agricultural
enterprises shows that the rational use of producti on
resources, the elimination of unjustified losses will
increase the volume of agricultural products without a
corresponding increase in costs [5].
Real opportunities for improving the efficiency of
production resources are provided by a cost -effective
syste m with a residual income generation and a
standard method of its distribution to funds. One of the
most promising forms of property realization is rent in
all its forms, in all sectors of the national economy,
including agriculture, industry and servic es.
In farms that have switched to rental relations,
production increases and labor productivity doubles.
New intra -economic relations demonstrate the face of a
new economic mechanism based on self -government,
stimulate production initiative and conscious acti vity of
people. An important role in improving the food supply
of the population is played by personal subsidiary farms
of citizens, collective gardening and gardening. The
main direction of modern agricultural policy is a
consistent restructuring of econo mic relations,
increasing attention to the life of the agricultural
producer, to the social reconstruction of the village.
Therefore, on -farm economic -organizing
mechanism should not be viewed unilaterally as a form
of organization and remuneration o f ind ividual team,
but as a complex of economic relations with other
departments and administration services. Life has
shown that it is wrong to give preference to any one
organizational form, one system of financial incentives.
They need to be considered in d ialectical
development, in close connection with the level of
technical equipment, the conditions of management at
each specific agricultural enterprise. It is unlikely that
the same approach to the introduction of any internal
economic relations, the sear ch for new organizational
forms of management for enterprises that operate
efficiently and profitably today, and for farms that are
chronically unprofitable, is legitimate.
In the current conditions, it is necessary to
accelerate the creation of a ne twork of small enterprises
engaged in primary processing of agricultural products,
agricultural services, agricultural trade and other
activities in the agro -industrial complex. They are able
to provide the population with broad freedom in
choosing jobs an d add itional jobs relatively quickly,
provide a quick return on the costs invested in them,
respond quickly to changes in consumer demand, and
reduce huge losses of agricultural products. Moreover,
it is the market mechanism that should identify the most
effect ive forms of management.
Attempts to boost the massive development of, for
example, farms can get into a deadlock, since the latter,
being by nature the most capital -intensive of all
economic groups, with the shortage of financial
resources and means of p roduction will be in a less
favourable position than private farms, which have
huge resource potential. At the same time, it is
necessary to remove all artificial restrictions on the
creation of such farms.
The availability of a guaranteed market of mater ial
and technical means will allow direct producers of
agricultural products on a cooperative basis to create
the processing enterprises necessary for them in terms
of capacity and location. The broad organization of
joint -stock companies also contrib utes to this goal.
Farmers and cooperatives could jointly buy or
lease dairy plants, beet processing plants, meat
processing plants, and cotton gins and participate in
their activities on a joint -stock basis.
All this objectively determines the need for state
support and the creation of additional capacities in the
agro -industrial production, especially in the food and
processing industry, which are sorely lacking today.
The market economy should help to restructure
production, provide motivation for high -perf ormance
labor, and increase the competitiveness of enterprises.
It is necessary to combine economic measures
reasonably with state regulation.
The state should implement reforms in the system
of pricing, taxation, lending, supply and marketing, i.e.
crea te a civilized food market in the country.
Its implementation requires first of all the
organization of marketing services. The results of
marketing research are the basis for making decisions
about expanding or reducing production volumes, and
formi ng a pricing policy.

64 Национальная ассоциация ученых (НАУ) # 60, 2020

The functioning of the market mechanism should
be based on competition and a pricing mechanism that
takes into account supply and demand, this includes
scientific and legal support, procurement of products
from subsidiary production a nd pr ocessing enterprises,
trade and transport, credit and financial, information,
marketing, and commercial structures. A huge role is
assigned to the financial support of the ongoing
reforms.
The state should pay special attention to the
following areas :
- control over the observance of price parity for
agricultural and industrial products;
- formation of the financial system, including
taxation of investment investments, concessional
lending, budget financing;
- introduction of a new system of plannin g in the
agricultural sector, including business plans, forecasts
and development programs;
- creating conditions for the development of
priority areas of agricultural production, primarily large
agro -industrial formations;
- integration of agriculture w ith i ndustry and trade,
creation of competitive agro -industrial trade enterprises
on this basis;
- expansion of state entrepreneurship in the agro -
industrial complex;
- social regulation of the agricultural sector;
- regulation of environmental protecti on.
However, state intervention should not affect the
freedom of business, restrict competition, or provide
for strict sanctions for violations of these provisions.
Changes in rural areas did not solve the main task
of agricultural reform, namely, increas ing a gricultural
production and increasing its economic efficiency,
which is determined by two groups of factors:
independent of farms (external) – inflationary
processes, taxation, pricing, subsidies, interest rates for
credit, demand, etc., as well as in terna l, depending on
the economy: production technology, crop yields and
animal productivity, production costs, labor
organization, specialization, and others.
In the current conditions, the factors of the first
group have a clear advantage, so it is impo ssibl e to
establish profitable production without state regulation
and the creation of a well -established mechanism for
the functioning of agricultural enterprises and
processing enterprises. When forming the optimal
structure of the mixed economy of the a gricu ltural
sector, each form of ownership and management should
find its place on the basis of competitive relations.
Intense competition requires an appropriate level
of productive forces: modern technologies and
technical means, etc. At the same time, the m aterial and
technical base of most agricultural enterprises is not
updated.
An important form of improving the efficiency of
agriculture based on its intensification is the expansion
of the reproduction process, the introduction of the
results of scie ntifi c and technological progress, the
introduction of methodological approaches to the
assessment and management of risk factors that affect
the development of entrepreneurship, which makes it
possible to increase output, increase labor productivity
and r educe costs per unit of production. The successful
development of the agricultural sector of our country
directly depends on the conditions of development of
agrarian sphere and achieve a high level of the main
macroeconomic indicators of the country.
Effe ctive development of domestic agricultural
production is possible only subject to the rational use
of the agricultural potential, based on territorially -
branch division of labor, raising the standard of living
of the rural population and improve the profit abili ty of
the industry as a whole.

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управления в аграрном секторе. // Экономи ка
сельскохозяйственных и перерабатывающих
предприятий, 2016, №1 .
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